CAD/CAM crucial technology

The challenge manufacturing industry that 1 manufacturing industry faces develops is the mark with powerful and prosperous economy of a country. As the progress of science and technology, electron, information reachs the wide application of automation technology, make production got tremendous progress, market competition also becomes more and more intense, competition is driving whole society to advance at full speed, caused to the enterprise at the same time live astringently environment. The enterprise should strive to be in the shortest time (inside T) , spend least fund (C) , production gives contented market demand (the product of Q) . The demand of the market is changing ceaselessly, more and more slashing to the demand of the structure of the product, function, make the development of new product becomes more and more complex thereby. However, of the product update often also bring a few issues to enterprise itself: Need is being designed again (the adjustment of course of Redesign) , company (BPR) include equipment to transform reach make go up to invest ceaselessly. Develop charge to basically become direct ratio with time among them, namely development cycle is longer, investment is more. This kind of element also makes an enterprise use all sorts of methods to shorten product development cycle. Accordingly, the enterprise of world each country is facing serious challenge: How to shorten the development cycle of complex with each passing day product in order to have the market, reduce cost! How to go getting used to the market demand of rapid change, undertake recombining to the enterprise, wait for a method with new product of high quality, low cost, rapid development ceaselessly, seek to live on to put and develop in competition, already became the target that the enterprise seeks jointly. To achieve afore-mentioned goals, the enterprise is ceaseless aggrandizement the measure that adopts the computer to assist a technology in process of products plan development, caused new issue again from this. 1.

The problem in process of 2 enterprises informatization is shown 1 times like the graph (length of development cycle of product of T axis watch, I represents information content) as all sorts of advanced techniques apply, product development cycle is in shorten, but information content increases in twice however, this explains information already held more and more significant position in the enterprise. The enterprise realizes computer informatization gradually, the mark is worn the progress of the enterprise and development, the application with the most effective informatization depends on supporting the implementation of company goal, information is founded by the enterprise, become a kind of new company natural resources, its use rate (information is founded, the degree of going from place to place speed and put sb in a very important position) , active management (access, version) the new job that makes enterprise informatization: · information shares degree. The computer of the enterprise assists a tool is the system with a few isolated disperse mostly, the data form that as a result of these each other incompatible software produces is abhorrent, memory medium also is various, what organize management plus personnel is different, all these makes the enterprise cannot be mixed in administrative design, craft between production branch and between relevant enterprise data information is passed effectively between enterprise and commerce even, implementation information is shared. The enterprise should use more advanced method to manage and coordinate whole product to develop till production process. · raises information to deliver rate. The information of major company is delivered basically is to carry written file, forms for reporting statistics and phone contact kind. The upriver section that designs development cannot have news in time with downstream process exchange and share, departmental door cannot understand a design in time to develop the change in the process, consequently the development of the product develops time to grow, the enterprise should use the progress that significant step will come dog to design and be made what inspect whole product. The information with significant · manages. Although the enterprise uses the computer to assisted a tool to realize the computerization of plot and design on certain level, but the management that still depends on paper documentation, because lack active documentation management, cannot use effectively already some design resource. The information infrastructure that · asks advanced photograph suits (computer information system props up an environment) . The side runs in data, the company still stops on the arrangement that uses large trade to use relation database, because these databases cannot manage the blame structure data such as graph, image effectively, what cannot realize process management, configuration management and correspondence to use a tool more is compositive, in cannot be being satisfied in different compose and distributed computer environment thereby, make of all kinds application realizes information inside the enterprise the function is compositive, compositive with the process compositive. · raises application compositive system efficiency. In process of product development design, two any different application software cannot be shared directly or exchange product data information almost, CIMdata company points out: There is the own job that personnel of technology of project of the 1/3 design to 1/4, administration is not him prep bent on about everyday in the enterprise at present, attend a meeting however, discuss, await or handle all sorts of information; American investigation makes clear, because design the centralized management of data of production lack product, bring about product man-hour to increase 20% , cost rises 10% . Because this improves the efficiency that uses compositive system, its core uses a system for each but each other operates a gender. Be in early seventies, dr. Joseph Harrington of the United States with respect to the basis the development state of affairs of the information processing ability with more and more powerful computer and computer network technology reachs his to apply foreground extensively in manufacturing industry, offerred the computer above all compositive make (CIM, the concept of Computer Integrated Manufacturing) , its nucleus idea thinks even if emphasize making full use of in manufacturing industry technology of the network of the computer, communication and data processing technology, those who realize product information is compositive. And the collateral project that puts forward in recent years (CE, the concept of Concurrent Engineering) is to emphasize be on the foundation with CIM compositive information, the method that uses collateral processing in manufacturing industry undertakes products plan reachs his of relevant process carry out, when the ordinal project that overcame a tradition is being designed environment of production process of consideration of as soon as possible, support, quality assures and cannot design development cycle to grow wait for a problem, make the product that the enterprise develops can ground of as soon as possible puts in the market with low cost, satisfy the requirement of the user well, with period obtain powerful market competition capability; The American NIIIP that began 1994 (National Industry Information Infrastructure Protocol) project, be in eye demarcate the different share applying that what Internet crosses to solve product information between the system with exchange. Support the goal of collateral project to achieve more strong n, see the idea that must want to one is updated and method satisfy these requirement from product information angle. 1.

3 settlement the way to deal with a situation are aimed at the problem of afore-mentioned existence, the enterprise is on the base that already certain computer assists a tool, the tool that needs to one is united from macroscopical admiral all sorts of application software are compositive rise, the mass data that generates to its consolidates management and control; The different ground club that should run a method to support a group with advanced information, the safety that assures product data, can accuse, can dog development plan reachs the product to be revised often what get used to data etc. In other words, as each automation " Gu island " greaten become strong, they also themselves park in bigger ocean, mutual between communicate insufficient, the play that limits their ability greatly, already arrived to connect them now when rising, if pursue 2. This is the ideology that product data manages, graph 3 show with the 4 angle that flow from data gave an enterprise to have manage without product data (PDM, product Data Management) systematic distinction. When running a system without product data, data shedding may be very complex, the data of a few keys may store in several places, this makes retrieve more trival; After getting data from another place when some place especially, this data produced a change, assure consistency of data hard quite. And data management system will make afore-mentioned problems simplify and the product can solve a series of relevant problems, carry out for CIMS and collateral project lay good foundation. Anyhow, as a result of the full-scale development of computer technology and general application, make the product develops a process each phase computerization, ask and promoted the generation that product data manages and development. The basic idea that 2 products data manages 2.

The generation of 1 product information and development product are to show man-made is tasted, the product enters the market to sell and make goods, the enterprise is managed through the additional cost of the product and get profit. Information is in order to the to fact, process, concept, thought expression in corresponding or description. And the symbolism that data is information expresses, the symbol here has his specific rally. For can more show an issue explicitly, give following definitions that define data about product data and product: Product data is a about the product or the formalization description of a group of facts, concept, relevant process and requirement, agree with in what make inside product cycle computer processing. Product definition data is a subclass of product data. It is the exclusive and complete definition, data that describes a product. When use CAD/CAM system, product definition data arises exclusively by CAD system and offer product complete lifecycle to use. Product information long-standing, but as a result of,the period creates in inchoate craftsman: (It is unified that 1) designs production process, finish independently by the individual, it is not important to cooperate to talk things over each other, accordingly the information of related goods is conveyed and exchange is not taken seriously; (Because 2) pays attention to support experience and skill, make the record and narrate of process and method is not complete, sometimes crucial place is intended oversight, information expression is not consequently complete also. But arrived latter-day especially contemporary, be promoted as a result of what progress scientificly and social need, flying development greeted manufacturing industry old industrialized age, if pursue,the expression of product information and administration also produce tremendous change subsequently 4. The information government position from inside the graph and design make technical concern can see development of modern manufacturing industry is swift and violent, all these and introduced a computer inseparable. In large quantities of quantities manufacturing times devises a method basically or support blueprint passes design information, big, time limit for a project grows design work strength, 2 dimension are put in map changeover between planar description and three-dimensional substance. As the application with extensive and thorough computer, benefit is introduced with the advanced tool such as computer formative CAD manufacturing industry, those who accompanying the application such as CAD is progressively extend, manufacturing organization and quality are obtained great rise, management of each local news automation arises subsequently. The development of production technology of collateral project idea, intelligence is taller and taller to the requirement of information, iformation flow already first at other flow in enterprise interior to flow, information is compositive change administrative era arrival, it is important that the expression of information and commutative standard are highlighted. Not far in the future as make adroitly, the development of dynamic alliance, the period of distributinging exchange of extensive network news and processing is coming. 2.

The formation that 2 products data manages technology of product data management designs domain generation to come out from CAD/CAM and project. Since 80 time metaphase, people is already preliminary the effect that realised product data manages. Original, it is the file management pattern that store and retrieves of n/arc drafting in order to coordinate builds a system, the plot that will dog to arise by CAD/CAM; Then, the management with the can better person that add attend in a advanced studies to so that use,order a function designs change; Ever since, increased again the ability that pertinent information link rises in graphical file and product structure. Because demand still is compared in those days onefold reach one-sided, characteristic of the understanding because of this people him basis, oneself and face applied problem, some emphasizes the administration of plot file, some emphasizing with MIS software join, some hopes solve a few jobs to sort administrative problem, also the data of research and development with some will important is eager to brings into a database in. Enter the later period in 90 time, people just realizes the value that product data manages stage by stage. If say the requirement that product data runs at that time and function are an elephant, so data government recognition resembles pair of products of people a little " take a part of the whole " , found a few respective senses severally. Sheet can see this kind of characteristic from nominally: DM(document Management) , EDM(Electronic Document Management, Engineering Data Management) , IM(Image Management) , Work Flow, CM(Configuration Management) , TDM (Technical Data Management) , EDL(Engineering Data Lib) , TIM(Technical Information Management) , DMCS(Data Management Control System) is waited a moment. Current, as a result of the development of new production pattern and application, be like CIMS, collateral project, fictitious make etc, people has realised product data management regards a compositive system as the importance that move to the enterprise, can thinking product data manages is the technology that applies to means of company course, organization, have the background of strong industry operation pattern. Interpret of product data management can understand from direct meaning of English Product Data Management to manage the data information related everything and product. Product data management should contain all design information related to products plan (it is project blueprint) not just, make they but by all staff that share product development (it is technical personnel not just) visit. About the product the definition of data management still has no unified final conclusion, we think D.

Burdick is discussed relatively incisively, the PDM definition that he gives out is: · PDM is it is inside enterprise limits design and make build to run paralell the key that changes product efforts environment makes can implement. The PDM system that · matures can make all participation found, the communication, people that safeguards design intent shares the data of all different compose related to the product freely in whole product lifecycle, include blueprint and digitlization documentation, CAD file and product structure. Product data management is the inevitable result that company computer informatization develops certain level actually. Each professional domain computerization that company product develops arrives certain level, want to encounter the problem with compositive information necessarily, average system assumes this hard. What what have no before ability of system of product data management only is bigger the concern that wholer view shows product, process and staff. The whole process of products plan development of enterprise of its over or across till product complete lifecycle, it is fore-and-aft and thorough each levels to product structure till each flank of product part, it is shared from information wait for respect effectively to support collateral project, it develops a group for the product (Teamwork) each member part provides more complete service; Design respect of put sb in a very important position in support especially it can produce clear advantage, system of product data management is the software that runs thought implementation according to product data. What the enterprise organizes is dispersive change the way that also makes distributed system becomes all of computer science department to develop. Tell from technical angle, distributed system is by a variety of computation resource, comprise with certain interconnection kind, of open mode, of much platform, but each other operates, cooperative system, can provide the service of certain limits for the user. It is transparent that the position of resource of interior of a distributed system is told to the user, any users should be had only use the knowledge with the basiccest system about place, can be in any ground to any dot, moment are visited and use any resource in the system. The connotation that product data manages is compositive run the information that concerns with the product and course. Product data management is in enterprise limits design and make build to run paralell change a product to develop synergic environment. It inspects whole industry to be an organic whole, can span group of whole project technology, it is to quicken what the product develops to make can implement. It also is to be on the foundation of mode of distributed business management, with other application the system builds the main tool of direct connection. Product data management emphasizes the point of view that share according to global product information, enlarged a product to develop the implication that builds a model. It offerred to work in coordination for the personnel of different spot, different branch environment, make its can go up to work together in the product model of same digitlization. Product data manages as object-oriented one word is same, be become to make modern language, have the tendency that is abused. The model that the article will try to manage to product data makes strict characterization. The definition of the product (model) , product data model, product data runs a model, the infrastructure that provides with computer information system (environment) after comprises collective model will be in paragraphic in try to discuss. The object with the product data applicable management that if do not have special specification,will discuss henceforth is demarcate range of mechanical production domain is changed in disperse inside. 2.

System of management of 3 products data is in an enterprise medium position is OK from the point of the following respects product data manages a system to develop medium effect in company products plan: 1) . PDM is the compositive platform of CAD/CAPP/CAM(3C) . Already had system of the independent CAD with a lot of good performance, CAPP, CAM at present, they produced main effect in respective domain respectively. But what news cannot have each other between the system of these respective independence is automatic deliver and exchange. Because only the information when CAD can be in follow-up segment (if CAPP, CAM is medium) be applied again and again, just be most of economy, what realize CAD/CAPP/CAM so is compositive, ability implements the automation that designs production. Current, PDM system is best 3C compositive platform. It can consolidate the information that concerns with the product management rises, the government that presses information different utility classify ground to have in an orderly way and offer. Each CAD/CAPP/CAM system can collect the information that needs severally from inside PDM, go to result replace again in PDM, what realize 3C truly thereby is compositive. 2) . PDM is the bridge that product information delivers. Person, money, content, produce, for, the management that selling door of 6 greater part is an enterprise and decision-making branch. PDM serves as the compositive platform of 3C, described a product thoroughly with computer technology the data of whole lifecycle and model, it is the related goods in EPM and ERP the origin of full data. PDM is the bridge that information delivers between branch of design of communication product technology and management information system and production resource system, if pursue,5 are shown. 3) . PDM supports collateral project. Collateral project is in optimize and recombine while the product develops a process, want to realize group of staff of much more professional field to work in coordination not only, and the requirement ceases product development letter and develop a process organic ground is compositive rise. PDM makes as what support collateral project can technology, can support environment of different compose computer above all; The centralized management that can realize product data next and share, provide single product data source; PDM manages the information that uses tool generation effectively, offer the information between applied system to deliver with commutative platform; It still can offer process management and monitoring, the process in be collateral project is compositive provide necessary support. On the base that PDM runs in outstanding product data, perfecting its to regard manufacturing industry domain as the function of compositive frame stage by stage, those who be collateral project carry out provide stronger automation environment. 4) . PDM is one of compositive frame of CIMS. Develop as the ceaseless development of CIMS technology and apply, its dimensions is expanding ceaselessly, the enterprise is compositive information model is more and more complex, the validity that be controlled to information and upholds, dependability and demand of real time sex are higher and higher, urgent need is taller the compositive technology on administrative levels, the product news with can be offerred better is compositive manage a mechanism, raise CIMS thereby run efficiency. Because its technology supports product lifetime process and PDM system provides some advanced sexes and rationality, make new generation news the advanced technology in compositive platform, say one of compositive frame that are enterprise implementation CIMS so. State of research of 3 domestic and international relevant domains manages as a result of product data accumulate containing tremendous potential benefit, be made multilateral home and organization take seriously, invest in succession undertake relevant domain studies, popularize carry out. Have a plenty of systematic research, have a plenty of distribute a research. 3.

1Plan of DICE plan DICE(DRAPA Initiative In CE) is American department of defense bureau of advanced research plan (DRAPA) invests nearly 11 million dollar, the branch serves as the aircraft engine of General Electric Company to basically carry on unit, have Xifujiniya pair of collateral projects that many university such as the university participates in undertake relatively comprehensive the major plan that study with the system and implements. DICE plans (if although with concentration the database stores,graph 5) studies,design entirely, but the environment of distributed collateral design that each Agent has database of him this locality. It pays attention to the problem that solves the data below different compose environment to share, communication mechanism uses blackboard (Blackboards) . DICE plans to think current muti_function data is to use what only format and different expressive method are collected, accordingly it pays close attention to only how does best share product information in design across block. Although DICE plan did not put forward clearly to produce the idea that tastes data management, also did not realize a when can give a product for the center with product data whole view, in order to solve the problem of the existence in the design, but its PPO model and expedite information communication channel are designed to rise efficiency and accelerated development cycle to provide necessary basis, DICE takes STEP standard seriously insufficient. 3.

2CONSENS plan Europe considers to plan ESPRIT EP6896 CONSENS (Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering System) data has between the software that is the different manufacturer that reachs AEG collaboration to consider to develop by Fraunhofer technology institute of Xi Menzi and German airline interactive software environment, among them main content is PIA (Product Information Archive) , this system has the following distinguishing feature: · uses frame compositive the iformation flow between parallel working group, facilitate mutual between alternant; · built inside data model, build a tool TIDL of compositive description language (Tool Integration Description Language) , use at coaching relevant database builds a model. This system drew lessons from STEP to built modular way to undertake the system builds a model, but did not stipulate product data expression uses STEP level; This system took the information communication between different CAE tool very seriously to be designed mutual the interface between, but did not give out at this point complete solution; Additional, if ESPRIT plans 6041 MARITIME,from other Europe research plans (Modeling And Reuse Of Information Over TIME) can see them manage product data only the solution of regard as future. 3.

The 3 research circumstance ISO-10303/wg3 about PDM Schema are discussing make PDM Schema, emphasize in the idea that discusses the concept that covers complete lifecycle product and composition at present, preliminary the product model that thinks PDM Schema place is enclothed includes the agreement such as AP214, AP232, AP206. PDM Schema is mixed by ProSTEP PDES company joint development, the purpose is to want to manage a domain to raise the each other between AP of STEP application agreement to operate a gender in product data. Develop a case at present, PDM Schema V1.

0 involve the Entity of AP214 and AP203, the group of Entity total share that involves place namely, those who undertake name and be defininged is Baconian and unified, have a lot of need to discuss further in group, some put forward a name to had been not solved merely in group. 3.

The OMA that the 4 PDM Enablers about OMG study to circumstance OMG was based on OMG to build 1996 (Object Management Architecture) the PDM Enablers that go up put forward demand consult RFP(Request For Proposal) to PDM development business, the purpose is to should build CORBA over but the PDM that each other operates unites operation interface. Already had according to the data of OMG include DEC, Fuji to connect, the proposal that 6 manufacturers such as IBM, Metaphase offerred them, but they do not assure to suggest to be carried out in the product in them in them. OMG is sought build the standard port that provides a service by PDM, the standard that applies to these interface of ORB(Object Request Broker) to will supply a need manages an environment to reach pair of different PDM systems to offer standard port with backing distributed product data. To 8 demand that OMG gives out, 6 manufacturer give out in all 12 interface description, the systematic research of this plan is undertaking in. 3.

Crucial technology of 5 countries 863/CIMS tackles key problem project 1995, state committee of science and technology labels collateral project the further progress direction of CIMS from strategic angle, established crucial technology to tackle key problem project, have the research of systematization to the method of collateral project and technology, development and application (country division tall word [1995]049 date) . University of this project You Qinghua, spaceflight industry head office the 2nd academy, beijing aerospace university, china in grain industry college and Shanghai traffic university assume cooperation to finish jointly. Its study the target is: Improve some structural member to develop a process, build corresponding muti_function the product develops a team, the method that uses collateral project and technology shorten 30%-40% of product development cycle, reduce percent defective 50% , reduce product cost at the same time, improve product quality. The research that solves a batch of crucial technologies, development, test and verify and application work. Collateral project is carried out to offer referenced mode after be our country enterprise 97 years, reduce a risk, develop talent team. Subsystem of the project in this collateral project environment is in order to offers a product the auxiliary tool of collateral design, support the design process of the product. The project designs subsystem with CIMS information compositive it is a foundation with CAE/CAD/CAPP/CAM, patulous face constructional design (DFA) knead dough is designed to what make (DFM) function, implementation is based on product data to run a system (the data definition of the collateral design of PDM) and product lifecycle. Project subsystem architecture is shown 7 times like the graph. Although among them product data manages a system to be a PDM concept to introduced our country to make contribution, but undertook applied study only in this project. 3.

Although did not study in the round with respect to system of product data management,the research state of 6 concerned local domains has a lot of document, but the research of pertinent question also has certain depth, have very much draw lessons from a meaning. The person such as Krishnamurthy put forward a kind to support the data that much more professional domain designs in coordination to run a model, gave out version, assemble, configure 3 class frame, they also have particular distinguishing feature to version processing. Westfechtel offers the administrative means that product and process union rises one kind, basic method is product or object of spare parts regard as, the documentation that does not arise with time serves as corresponding version, combine each version of professional domain to form version group and object correspondence, the net map that such forming becomes network of a process, shrink it to flow for the job further, westfechtel emphasizes managing not to control the job to flow simply. Because be opposite,the person such as Peltonen thinks the different understanding of basic idea, bring about appear various PDMS, accordingly ought to above all from documentation, version, lifecycle these basic idea proceed with undertake study, but they basically domain of CAD of bureau be confined to. The person such as Pohl puts forward to be able to dog between alternate major domain sexual problem, in order to solve anything but consistency and conflict, strengthen work in coordination. O ' the person such as Donnell thinks contemporary CAD system with an inferior abstract administrative levels (with a lot of designs the job and human communication photograph are compared) expressive product information, they think product structure is very important, put forward product structure methodology. Cleetus thinks traditional product structure tree must improve ability to get used to current development, perspective-of and Dependent-on concern still should raise on the foundation that concerns in Part-of. The article of the person such as Teeuw speaks of a few projects studying PDI(Product Data Interchange) , emphasize the importance that product data exchanges, pay close attention to the application of STEP standard. The person such as Gu thinks the enterprise ought to want to share a collective product model in the either phase of product lifecycle, depicted a current product model that is based on STEP, it does not press any AP agreements, used the compositive resource of STEP directly. Yoshikawa thinks to carry out CIM successfully to ought to pay close attention to the person's element. 3.

7 relevant commodity software circumstances need objectively as a result of what the company grows, roll out a few PDM commodity software that contain product data to manage an ideology domestic and internationally in succession, the IMAN of company of the Optegra of company of the famouser Metaphase that has American SDRC company, CV, EDS, the MANTA of Israel BAIN company. The GHPDMS of home that has Gao Hua, PDM that achieves together. These commodity software make the enterprise is known and accept the idea that product data manages of our country, follow closely went to positive stimulative effect since world development tide, especially the place that afore-mentioned foreign companies have a lot of is worth that draw lessons from to promotion from the development of software. But this among them some companies are CAD development business so, have the tendency that considers an issue from CAD development angle so, hard to avoid has some of confine to restrict; Some develops train of thought or be based on a function to analyse a method, get used to new development change requirement neatly hard; Have a plenty of what come over from project database development, emphasize overly depending on relation database; The expression that what deserve attention most is the product data that they manage did not use international level, the exchange that this gives a product data and share bring a few troubles, will affect its the further progress henceforth. The technical development that the data of development trend product that 4 products data manages runs develops as what develop process technology to the product and develop increasingly, between the system of compositive, application as the process but each other operation, distributing cross a net, and substantially is like a graph 8 in the level of a few development that transverse place shows. The main demand that product data manages is the record documentation management that develops process condition to showing a product, higher demand is the core that develops process automation as the product switch of supportive product data and share. The technology of data management can divide the product to develop level for 4 roughly. The first phase is the primary level of technique of product data management, begin the rapid development phase that is technique of product data management from the 2nd phase, phase of the 3rd development already showed clue, phase of the 4th development is to forecast. The mark that reflects each phase to develop a technology is in graph 8 in listed 4, they support each other inside a phase, at the same time corresponding to leaving one stage technology provides support, this shows the development of all sorts of technologies is mutual correlation, can derive from this basic model of a PDM and frame, among them " structural member " but modular, undertake to fit different requirement assembly. CNC Milling CNC Machining